鄂西南常绿落叶阔叶混交林生态恢复技术研究

Study on Ecological Restoration Techniques of Mixed Evergreen and Deciduous Broadleaved Forests in Southwestern Hubei Province

常绿落叶阔叶混交林是我国特有的自然植被类型和天然林类型,也是鄂西南武陵山区中山地带最典型、最重要的天然林类型。由于长期过度采伐利用,退化严重。采取全面禁伐的强制性保护措施,恢复进程缓慢,一些严重退化群落甚至难以恢复。遵循常绿落叶阔叶混交林演替规律,借助自然力,通过以积极的人为干预措施,可以快速恢复与重建鄂西南武陵山区常绿落叶阔叶混交林。本文在调查研究的基础上,论述了鄂西南武陵山区常绿落叶阔叶混交林的演替动态和恢复的可能性,分析了常绿落叶阔叶混交林恢复的制约因素,提出了常绿落叶阔叶混交林的恢复的3种方式即人工恢复、人工促进天然恢复和人工重建,以及封禁保护、抚育间伐、补植(播)、封山育林、林分改造和人工重建等恢复技术要点。

As a specific natural forest vegetation type of China, mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forest is also the most typical and important natural forest type in Wuling mountainous area in southwestern Hubei province. The mandatory measures of forbidding felling resulted in slow process of restoration, and some degraded community was difficult to restore. Based on succession law of mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forests, active human intervention with nature power could speed up the process of restoration and reconstruction. The succession dynamics and possibility of restoration of mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forests in wuling mountainous area in southwestern Hubei province were discussed in this paper on the basis of investigation. After analyzing the restrictive factors, three methods of restoration, ie artificial restoration, artificially facilitated natural regeneration and artificial reconstruction were put forwarded. The key points of restoration technique such as enclosure conservation, intermediate cutting, repair planting, closed forest, forest transformation and artificial reconstruction were also summarized in this study.