全国统一碳排放权交易体系中的配额分配方式研究

Key Issues in Allowance Allocation in China's Future Unified National Emissions Trading Scheme

我国将在目前碳排放权交易试点的基础上建立全国统一的碳排放权交易体系(Emissions Trading Scheme,ETS)。配额分配是其中的核心要素之一,而且要充分考虑区域差异较大、与现有行政体制的协调等特殊问题。研究全国ETS的配额分配方式发现,其核心是合理分配中央和省级政府的决策权,并从全国ETS的排放总量、各省ETS覆盖部分的排放总量、企业配额分配方法的确定方式等三个方面,分析不同政策选择的优劣,提出一种全新的分配方式:以属地化分级管理制度为基础,中央政府负责确定统一分配方法和差异化区域调整系数,省级政府在允许的范围内自主选择调整系数,并在中央政府的监督下实施配额分配。这种方法既能向省级政府提供灵活的决策空间,又能从中央层面予以约束,减少信息不对称和囚徒困境的影响,有利于全国统一市场的形成和发展。

China has determined to develop its unified national emissions trading scheme(ETS)in the next few years,considering the experiences gained in the pilot regions.Allowance allocation will be one of the core while challenging issues in that process,with significant regional differences and coordination with the existing administrative features in China to be addressed.The focus of this article is on allowance allocation in China's future national ETS,i.e.how to allocate allowances from the central government to covered enterprises.The key issue is actuallythedistribution of responsibilities/power between the central and regional governments inthe allocation process.A novel allocation approach based on localization management and current administrative system is proposed.The central government will be responsible for the development of unified allocation methods and differentiated regional adjustment coefficients to accommodate regional differences.The provincial governments will be responsible for the selection of regional adjustment coefficients within the permitted spectrum and allocating allowances to enterprises in their regions under the supervision of the central government.This approach will allow the provincial governments certain flexibilities while at the same time guidance and supervision could be exercisedbythe central government.The impacts of information asymmetry and Prisoner's Dilemma,which will be impeding the development of a unified national emissions trading market,could thus be reduced.