入城又回乡——清末民初江南读书人社会流动的再考察

Returning to Rural Areas as One Aspect of the Social Mobility of the Intellectuals in Jiang'nan during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China: A Case Study on Kunshan

清末民初江南读书人在城乡间的社会流动并不仅仅是一个从村镇到小城市再到大城市,甚至走出国门的过程。其还有一个读书人入城之后有意或无奈"回乡"的过程。他们回乡的动因一方面源自于在城市中社会向上流动不易,同时也来自于清末民初小城市和村镇为其开辟的社会流动的空间。以昆山一地为个案,以其1912—1925年的学堂和教职员状况为考察中心,我们来讨论清末民初江南读书人城乡间社会流动中"回乡"的趋势及这种趋势对于中国现代历史的意义。

Besides routine migration from villages gradually to small cities,big cities,and then even to foreign countries,the intellectuals' social mobility between urban and rural areas in Jiang'nan( regions south of the Yangtze River) during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China also consisted of a tendency of returning to rural areas willingly or reluctantly due to their difficulties in the upward mobility on the one hand and the available accommodation for them in villages,towns and small cities at that time on the other.With a case study of the schools and the conditions of their teaching staff during 1912—1925 in Kunshan,this thesis discusses the tendency of returning to the rural areas in the intellectuals' social mobility between urban and rural areas in Jiang'nan during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China and the significance of the tendency in modern China as well.