马克思拜物教批判语境中的“正义”概念

The Notion of Justice in Marx's Criticism on Fetishism

正义之于马克思不能纠缠于"词句之争"。马克思"拜物教批判"中包含认识论维度的"物化"(Verdinglichung)与存在论维度的"物象化"(Versachlichung),这两个方面能够成为勘定"正义"的基本原则。依据西方政治哲学的"正义"观念,人们将基于资本主义这一特定社会形态之"契约"的正义形式看作是一切社会的"自然属性",从而为交换正义作"辩护",即"正义拜物教"。而马克思立足于存在论的物象化(Versachlichung)批判了传统的"正义"观念,并认定正义是基于商品交易的社会,从而站在共产主义的角度对其进行"解构"。在当代中国社会主义市场经济发展过程中,应该辩证地走向一种"过渡时期"的"建构性"正义观念,从而真正通达"人的自我实现"。

We cannot read Marx's notion of justice at a literal level. Both the epistemological concept of reification( Verdinglichung) and the ontological one of objectification( Versachlichung) contained in Marx's criticism of fetishism can serve to define the basic principles of justice. According to the concept of justice in Western political philosophy,the justice of contract based on capitalism,a special social form,is regarded as the natural property of all forms of society. Hence the justification for the justice of exchange results in a fetishism of justice. Through criticizing the traditional understanding of justice in terms of the ontological objectification and bringing out its foundation on a society of commodity transition,Marx deconstructs such justice from the perspective of Communism. In the course of developing socialist market economy nowadays in China,we shall dialectically adopt a transitional constructive notion of justice so as to achieve the'self realization of human beings'.