中国“社会建设”理论的当代转向

The Contemporary Transformation regarding the Theories of Social Construction in China

无论是作为"一个客观存在的历史进程",还是作为"一种思维方式和观念的创新",社会建设伴随历代社会发展一直存在着。经历世纪轮回,社会建设的内涵已突破"将社会建设等同于各种社会事业建设"窠臼,逐渐深入到资源配置和改善民生;外延不再泛化为"谋社会的生存与发展的各种建设的总名",而逐步锁定于利益协调和格局优化;领域逐渐回归"社会性",不再从属于政治或经济领域;主体不再是"补政府设备之不足",突出了"社会"的主体地位;目标不仅是解决社会问题或笼统的"富泰康乐之社会",而聚焦于民生改善和利益关系协调;手段不再泛化为民主政治、文化、心理和教育等,则集中于社会管理体制机制创新和社会发展路径优化。这些历史转向具有内在的动力机制、层次结构和相互关系,但也并非完美无缺,在研究取向和关键点等方面有待进一步改进。

As 'an objective existing historical process',or as'a thinking mode and conceptual innovation',social construction has always existed along with social development of past ages. In this new century,the connotation of social construction has surpassed the set pattern that'social construction is equivalent to the construction of various social undertakings'and has penetrated into the resources allocation and the improvement of people's livelihood. Meanwhile,its denotation can no longer be generalized as'a generic name of all kinds of constructions aiming at social survival and development',but extends gradually to benefits allocation and pattern optimization. Social construction does not subordinate itself to political or economic field but return to sociality. It emphasizes the role of the'society'rather than'supplements the deficiency of the governmental facilities'. Its purpose is not only to solve social problems or to establish 'a rich and happy society',but also to improve people's livelihood and beneficial relationships. Its methods are no longer limited to democratic politics,culture,psychology or education,but concentrated on the innovation of social administration mechanism and the optimization of social development path. This historical transformation has its own momentum,layers and correlations. However,it is not perfect and needs further improvement in research direction and key points.