孤独症和脑瘫儿童饮食行为问题现状分析

Eating behavior problems of children with autism and cerebral palsy

目的探讨孤独症、脑瘫儿童饮食行为问题现状及其与正常儿童间差异,为此类患儿的饮食行为干预提供参考。方法采用横断面的调查方法,对哈尔滨医科大学儿童发育行为中心49例孤独症儿童、哈尔滨儿童医院和佳木斯小儿脑瘫疗育中心的62例脑瘫儿童和哈尔滨幼儿园136例正常儿童应用自拟的"儿童饮食行为及相关因素调查表"进行问卷调查,内容包括儿童人口学资料、饮食行为情况及家长喂养行为。结果孤独症儿童的饮食行为问题检出率为89.80%,脑瘫儿童为80.65%,均高于正常儿童(48.53%),差异均有统计学意义(χ2=36.02,P<0.05)。胃口差、对某食物的偏好、不良进食习惯、进食时的特殊行为及其他饮食爱好,不同组间差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。家长的不良喂养行为、良好喂养行为和过度关心儿童饮食行为报告率,在孤独症组、脑瘫组和正常儿童组间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论孤独症、脑瘫儿童较正常儿童存在更多饮食行为问题。应加强对孤独症、脑瘫儿童饮食行为问题的重视,有针对性地进行健康教育与康复训练指导,培养其良好的饮食行为习惯。

Objective To describe the difference of eating behavioral problems in autistic children, cerebral palsy and normal children, and to provide reference for the intervention. Methods A eross-sectional study was conducted to a cluster sample of 49 autistic children, 62 cerebral palsy and 136 normal children were recruited. All eases of three grouPs filled out a self-made children＇s eating behavior questionnaire that included items pertaining to demographic data, eating behavior problems and parent＇s feeding behavior. Results As eating behavior problems revealed, there was significant difference in autistic children （ 89.80） , cerebral palsy（ 80.65% ） and normal children（48.53% ） of the detection rate（ P〈0.05）. Significant difference was found in poor appetite, food preferences, unhealthy dietary habits, eating special behavior and other dietary preference （P〈0.05 ）. Conclusion Autism and cerebral palsy children have more dietary behavioral problems. Emphasis for disabled children diet misbehavior should be strengthened and Health education should be conducted in parents, at the same time establishing scientific feeding attitude and style to improve good dietary habits in children.