中国贫困大学生心理健康与经济发展的相关性

Correlation between economic development and impoverished undergraduates' mental health

目的了解中国经济发展与贫困大学生心理健康的关系,为改善大学生心理健康状况提供依据。方法经济发展指标来自1994—2007年的《中国统计年鉴》,贫困生心理健康指标来自中国期刊网、万方数据库、维普资讯等1998—2011年139篇(n=54 423)采用SCL-90的实证研究文献,利用横断历史分析探讨两者之间的关系。结果贫困大学生人际关系、偏执2个因子均值与年代均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.15^-0.17,P值均<0.05);躯体化、人际关系、抑郁和敌对4个因子标准差与年代呈负相关(r值分别为-0.18^-0.25,P值均<0.05);贫困大学生人际关系、偏执的均值以及躯体化、人际关系、抑郁和敌对的标准差与5 a前人均GDP、城镇化、工资水平、教育经费投入均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.17^-0.27,P值均<0.05);躯体化的标准差与城市和农村恩格尔系数、房价占工资比呈正相关(r值分别为0.18~0.20,P值均<0.05),而抑郁与城市恩格尔系数呈正相关(r=0.18,P<0.05)。结论贫困大学生部分心理健康因子有所改善,一些健康因子的内部差异在逐渐变小。经济发展是影响贫困大学生某些心理健康因子发展及其内部差异的重要因素。

Objective To study the relation of Chinese economic development and impoverished undergraduates scores on the Symptom Checklist 90 （ SCL-90） , and to provide evidence for their mental health improvement. Methods Cross-temporal Metal-analysis was used to explore the correlation between Chinese economic development and impoverished undergraduates mental health. Data of the former was collected from China Statistical Yearbook from 1994 to 2007, while the later from 139 previous studies （n = 54 423 ） of mental health of impoverished undergraduates from 1998 to 2011. Results Negative correlations were found between the mean of two subseale factors of SCL-90 of impoverished undergraduates and the year （r =-0.17 ） , while the standard deviation of four dimensions of SCL-90 were negatively related with the year （r=-0.25-0.18 ）. The mean of two dimensions and the standard deviation of four dimensions of SCL-90 of the impoverished undergraduates both had negative correlations with GDP per head, urbanization, average earning, finance of education of 5 years ago （r =-0.27--0.17 ）. Besides Somatization had positive correlations with urban and rural Engel＇s coefficient and house prices （r= 0.18-0.20} , and Depression had positive correlations with urban Engel＇s coefficient （ r = 0.18） .Conclusion Some subseale of SCL-90 of impoverished undergraduates had been gradually improving, and some had become less difference between each other over the past 14 years. Economic development is important to improve some factor of, as well as narrow the gap of some factor of impoverished students psychological health.