南京市2005—2011年学生结核病发病特征分析

Reported tuberculosis cases among students in Nanjing during 2005-2011

目的了解南京市学生结核病的报告发病特征,为制定学校结核病防治对策提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对南京市2005—2011年学生结核病患者登记资料进行分析。结果 2005—2011年学生报告结核病发病率分别为24.82/10万,22.54/10万,17.55/10万,15.43/10万,20.64/10万,15.86/10万,14.92/10万,平均报告发病率18.68/10万,各年份报告发病率差异有统计学意义（χ2=59.38,P〈0.01）,随年份变化呈下降趋势（χ2趋势=37.76,P〈0.01）;涂阳登记比例逐年降低（χ2趋势=28.28,P〈0.01）;患者中男生多于女生;年龄分布以20-24岁最多（52.15%）,其次为15-19岁（37.04%）;经主动发现方式发现的学生患者比例较低;报告病例数在4—5月和9月较多。学生平均就诊延迟率为26.70%,且就诊延迟率随学生年龄增长呈下降趋势（χ2趋势=14.46,P〈0.01）。结论南京市学生结核病报告发病率呈下降趋势,15~24岁年龄段的学生是学校结核病防控的重点人群。应加大对学生结核病例的主动发现力度,重视对学生结核病防治知识的健康宣教。

Objective To investigate the reported tuberculosis （TB） cases among Nanjing students, and to provide further information for school rib prevention. Methods Descriptive statistical method was applied to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis cases among Nanjing students registered during 2005-2011. Results The reported incidence of TB among Nanjing students in each year from 2005 to 2011 was 24.82/100 000, 22.54/100 000, 17.55/100 000, 15.43/100 000, 20.64/ 100 1000,15.86/100 000 and 14.92/100 000, respectively （X2 =59.38,P〈0.01 ）. Average reported incidence of TB was 18.68/ 100 000, and it showed a decreasing trend with year （X2= 37.76, P〈0.01 }. The proportion of smear-positive eases was decreasing annually （X2=28.28, P〈0.01 }. More male than female reported TB. About 52.15% of eases occur in age group of 20-24 years, followed by the age group of 15-19 years （ 37.04% ）. Active ease finding rate was quite low. Seasonal variation in TB incidence was found in April, May and September each year. Rates of delayed treatment was 26.70%, and decreased significantly with age {X2= 14.46, P〈0.01）. Conclusion The incidence of tuberculosis among Nanjing students decreased from 2005 to 2011. Student ages 15-24 years old should be TB high-risk population.Propaganda and health education of TB nuclear knowledge for students could ef- fectively promote their awareness of TB.