不同胶黏剂和阻燃剂对刨花板燃烧性能的影响

Flammability of particleboard paneling using resins and fire retardants

为了研究出一种阻燃性能良好的阻燃刨花板，分析了3种不同胶黏剂和阻燃剂对刨花板物理力学性能和燃烧性能的影响。结果表明：不同的胶黏剂种类对刨花板的各项性能具有显著的影响，在添加阻燃剂后多数刨花板的物理力学性能下降，仅异氰酸酯胶黏剂（MDI）刨花板的弹性模量（MOE）显著提高（P=0．002）。在添加阻燃剂前酚醛树脂胶黏剂（PF）和MDI均具有良好的抑烟作用；添加阻燃剂后，PF的抑烟作用增强，但不利于提高板材的阻燃性能；而MDI的发烟量增加，却可以显著地提高板材的阻燃性能。添加阻燃剂后，脲醛树脂胶黏剂（UF）刨花板的烟密度等级和氧指数分别是空白刨花板的77．86％～103．64％和124．68％～153．21％；PF刨花板的烟密度等级和氧指数是空白刨花板的27．8％～87．53％和123．95％～142．6％；而MDI刨花板的烟密度等级和氧指数是空白刨花板的108．75％～203．04％和137．5％～163．24％。总之，PF具有优异的抑烟性能但阻燃性能一般，MDI具有很好的阻燃性能但会增加板材的发烟量，可进一步在研究阻燃剂与胶黏剂之间作用机制基础上开发出一种阻燃抑烟性能优良的阻燃剂或制备出阻燃性能优异的刨花板。

To produce wood based particleboard panels with favorable fire retadant properties, the influence of three different fire retardant agents and resins （phenol formaldehyde （PF）; 4,4-diphenyl-methane diisocyanate （MDI）; and urea formaldehyde （UF） on the physical, mechanical, and flammability properties of particleboard panels was studied. Results showed that after fire retardants were added to the particleboard panels, most of the mechanical and physical properties of the panels decreased, but the modulus of elasticity （MOE） of the panels with MDI significantly improved （P = 0.002）. The PF resin reduced smoke density, but did not improve the flame-retardant property; whereas, the MDI resin increased the flame-retardant property, but also increased smoke density. For panels with flame-retardant agents, smoke density and OI of panels with UF were 77.86%- 103.64% but without flame-retardant agents were 124.68%-153.21% . For panels with flame-retardant agents, smoke density and OI of panels with PF resin were 27.80%-87.53%, but without flame-retardant agents were 123.95%-142.60% . The smoke density and OI of panels with MDI and flame-retardant agents were 108.75%- 203.04%, but without flame-retardant agents were 137.50%-163.24%. Since a favorable combination of re- duced smoke density and improved flame-retardant properties was not obtained more research should be con-ducted in this area.[Ch.1 fig.5 tab.12 ref.]