人的觉醒:古希腊智者学派的群体映像

The Awakening of Humanity ——The Collective Image of Sophists In Ancient Greek

在"柏拉图—亚里士多德"的哲学框架里,"智者"是一个受到诅咒的群体。"智者"的群体形象在柏拉图的笔下被刻画成虚假智慧的拥有者,"为了赚钱而将智慧出卖给需要他的人",是"兜售精神产品的零售商和批发商"。站在城邦传统价值维护者的立场,柏拉图以知识垄断者的身份批判自己的论战对手自有其理由。然而,自此以降2000多年来的后世学者大多奉柏氏之言,对智者多加挞伐,实乃精神上的自我禁锢。同苏格拉底一样,智者也是在古希腊贵族文明出现危机的时刻应运而生的知识生产者。然而,这个群体的出现动摇了希腊智慧的"属神"本性,将求知这一活动职业化、公开化、民主化,堪称智慧的"盗火者"。智者引领了西方思想史上第一次启蒙运动,标志着人类自我意识的觉醒。

In the western philosophy system of'Plato-Aristotle',sophists are a cursed group.For a long time,sophists were depicted as the owner of false wisdom,sellers of spirit conducts who sell wisdom to people just for money.From the perspective of Polis nobility,Plato,as a knowledge monopolist,had his reason to blame his opponents.But henceforth in more than 2000 years,most of the scholars of the later generations believed in Plato and criticizes sophists.This was obviously a kind of spiritual self-restraint.Like Socrates,sophists rose at the critical moment of ancient Greek's noble civilization.The emergence of sophists group had shaken the God's nature of ancient Greek wisdom,making knowledge seeking an open,professional and democratic action.They were the'fire-stealers'of wisdom.Sophists led the first wave of enlightenment in western history of ideas.The arising of this group was a symbol of awakening self-consciousness of human.