20世纪80年代以来美国中小学校多样化改革及其启示

The Reform of School Diversification in the US since the 1980s:Ideas,Practice and Implications

20世纪80年代以来美国以"学校重建"为名实施中小学校多样化改革。学校多样化的思想源自于教育中的自由主义、后现代主义等观点以及对学校科层制的批评。"学校重建"运动通过管理模式多样化、经营主体多样化和办学主体多样化等不同的改革策略来实现学校多样化。当前美国学校多样化改革依旧是混乱和没有规划的,其改革的成效尚有待观察,但学校多样化仍然是一种有意义的价值追求。借鉴美国学校多样化改革的思路,我们应对教育公平、教育评价机制和学校改革策略进行反思,从中得出有益的启示。

Since the 1980 s,the US has carried out reform in school diversification in the name of'School Restructuring'.The theory of school diversification originated from the views of liberalism,biology and post-modernism in education,also the criticism of the school bureaucracy.Reform strategies are set to realize school diversification through decentralization and market-oriented operations,mainly including school choice,school-based management and the program of charter schools.The reforms deeply affect American public education system,though the outcome of which is unclear.American experiences are important references for us to reflect on the educational equity,the education evaluation mechanism and the strategy of school innovations.