HCN通道:生物学特性及疼痛相关作用

HCN ion channel: Biological characteristics and functions in pain

脊椎动物的超极化激活环核苷酸门控通道(hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels,HCN通道)具有反向电压依赖性,其开放依赖细胞表面的超极化。HCN在机体各组织的分布和数量及开放状态存在差异。HCN通道的开放受到cAMP及其它物质或信号传导通路直接或者间接的调控。HCN及其介导的Ih/If电流可以影响细胞膜静息电位,控制神经元兴奋性、突触电位和突触传递并在调节心律等方面起到重要作用,并且参与了疼痛等生理或病理过程的调控。部分药物可以通过对HCN通道的作用治疗疼痛等相关疾病。本文将从HCN通道的结构、分布、调控、在疼痛及其它相关疾病中起到的作用等方面对近年来HCN通道研究的新发现进行回顾和综述。

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated （HCN） channels in vertebrate are reverse voltage-dependent, and its activation depends on the hyperpolarization of cell and may be directly or indirectly regulated by the cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） or other signal transduction cascades. The distribution, quantity, and activation states of HCN channels differ in tissues throughout the body. By modulating lh/lf current, HCN channels may influence the resting membrane potential, and thus importantly regulate neuronal excitability, dendritic integration of synaptic potentials, and synaptic transmission. Evidence exhibits that HCN channels participate in pain and other physiological and pathological process. Pharmacological treatment targeting HCN channels is of benefit to relieve pain and other related diseases.