清宫廷画家冷枚其人其作品

Leng Mei:the Qing Court Painter

冷枚,字吉臣,胶州(今属山东)人,师从清初宫廷画家焦秉贞。冷枚是清朝前期一位重要的宫廷画家,历经康熙、雍正、乾隆三代皇帝,见于记载的,从最早康熙三十年至康熙三十五年参与《康熙南巡图》的绘制直到乾隆七年的受赏。冷枚有多幅画作存世,主要作品收藏于北京故宫博物院及台北"故宫博物院";其作品风格细致工整、色泽华丽,对以后清朝的宫廷绘画有着较大的影响。本文叙述了画家冷枚的生平及其画艺,并利用内务府造办处的档案资料,证实冷枚在雍正在位的十三年期间,出于种种原因,是被排除出宫的,只在宝亲王弘历的王府内作画,直至乾隆元年才重返宫廷供职,对冷枚的画家生涯作了新的补充。此外,冷枚不仅工人物、界画,神佛、罗汉、仕女等能够各尽其妙,而且根据现存作品可以看出,其山水画同样具有深厚功力,而其动物画更于传统之外有所创新。文章还考证了画家冷枚有两个儿子:冷鑑和冷铨,由此补充了画史的记载。

Leng Mei was an important court painter active in the early Qing period. Serving under the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors, he had great influences on later court painters. The current author reviews Leng Mei＇s career as a painter and his artistic style. According to archives kept by the Qing Imperial Workshop, after the 13th year of the Yongzheng reign, he was out of favour of the Yongzheng emperor and began serving under Prince Bao （named Hongli, Yongzhen＇s son） for a brief period. In addition, it is found out that Leng had two sons.