九一八事变前后日本间谍在华摄影活动——以岛崎役治为个案的考察

Japanese Spy-Photographers in China in 1920s–40s:A Case Study of Shimazaki Yakuji

自近代以来,日本在对外渗透及侵略的过程中,曾派出大量间谍潜入中国各地进行活动。他们打着旅行考察的幌子,广泛搜集各类情报。特别是九一八事变前后,许多间谍依托"满铁"为靠山,通过摄影及发行刊物的方式,不遗余力地向其国民介绍中国的情况,并且在扭曲历史观的驱使下鼓吹侵华舆论。岛崎役治及其发行的《亚细亚大观》便是其中典型的代表。从1924到1942年间,日本摄影师岛崎役治以其创办的刊物为阵地,以旅行考察为掩护,潜入中国各地进行实地拍摄,足迹几乎囊括了所有省份。而其拍摄的内容,则涵盖了人文、地理、经济、军事等方面。尽管从纯摄影的角度而言,岛崎役治所拍摄的照片艺术性并不高,但所包含的信息却极为丰富,具有很高的情报价值。通过对这些照片的内容进行分析,不难看出,它们从各个角度充分暴露出当时日本觊觎中国的险恶野心。也正是得益于岛崎役治这类间谍不遗余力的情报搜集活动,日本才能在后来侵略中国的过程中一步步实现其野心。

Before and after the September 18th Incident in 1931, Japanese spies disguised as tourists and photographers introduced Chinese reality to the Japanese public through photos and publications with the support of the South Manchuria Railways Co. （SMR）. In a distorted historical view, they advocated aggression in China. The Japanese photographer Shimazaki Yakuji and his Album of East Asia was a typical example. Between 1924 and 1942, Shimazaki travelled around China to take photos covering culture, geography, economics and military information. Although his photos are not of much artistic values, they are highly informative and show Japanese ambition of invading China. Intelligence gathered by spy-photographers like Shimazaki Yakuji had greatly facilitated the Japanese aggression in China.