ASXL1突变在髓系疾病中的研究进展

Role of ASXL1 Mutation in Myeloid Malignancies——Review

ASXL1是Trithorax和Polycomb家族的增强子,在维持基因表达稳态中发挥着重要作用。近年来,在多种髓系肿瘤患者的造血细胞中都发现了ASXL1突变,包括慢性粒单核细胞白血病(43%)、骨髓增生异常综合征(14%)、骨髓增殖性肿瘤(10%)和急性髓系白血病(20%)等。ASXL1突变主要以移码突变和无义突变为主。ASXL1突变的广泛性表明它可能在髓系肿瘤的发病机制和恶性转化中发挥着重要作用,但是ASXL1突变在髓系疾病发生及体内正常造血中的作用及机制尚不完全清楚。本文对ASXL1的结构与功能特点,ASXL1突变与患者临床特征和疾病进展的关系,ASXL1突变与其它基因突变的关系,及敲除或沉默ASXL1的体内外模型进行了综述。

Additional sex comb-like 1 （ASXL1） is an enhancer of Trithorax and Polycomb family, which are necessary for the maintenance of stable repression of homeotic and other loci. Recently, alterations of ASXL1 gene were identified in the hematopoietic cells from patients with a variety of myeloid malignancies, including chronic myelomonocytic leukemia （CMML, 43% of cases）, myelodysplastic syndrome （MDS, 20% ）, myeloproliferative neoplasms （MPN, 10% ） and acute myeloid leukemia （AML, 20% ）. The majority of ASXL1 mutations are frameshift and nonsense mutations. These clinical data suggest an important role of ASXL1 in the pathogenesis and/or transformation of myeloid malignancies. However, the role of ASXL1 in the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies and in normal hematopoiesis in vivo, as well as the underlying mechanisms remains unknown. This article reviews the structure and function of ASXL1, the clinical characteristic and prognostic significance of ASXL1 mutation, the association of ASXL1 with other gene mutation, as well as ASXL1 knock-down or silence in vitro and in vivo models.