安徽芜湖地区普通幼儿人群中螨过敏的流行病学调查

A Prevalence Survey on the Allergy of Infants of Wuhu in Anhui province

目的：通过对安徽芜湖地区普通幼儿人群中过敏性疾病的发生率以及对室内主要致敏原尘螨过敏的流行病学分析，为儿童变应性疾病的防治提供依据。方法对本院2009年1月～2009年12月在我院出生的，随机抽取现发育正常的205例3～4岁幼儿，男孩120例，女孩85例,进行问卷调查，询问过敏相关症状的发生情况。同时进行血清总IgE、屋尘螨（Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Der p）和粉尘螨（Dermatophagoides farinae, Der f ）特异性IgE（specific IgE, sIgE）检测。分析变应性疾病在幼儿期的发生率，并比较不同症状组之间血清学指标的差异以及相关性。结果205例研究对象中，屋尘螨IgE和粉尘螨IgE的总阳性例数分别是48例（23.4%）和39例（19%）。有7例只对屋尘螨IgE阳性，但没有只对粉尘螨IgE阳性的个例。有呼吸症状的幼儿，其尘螨特异性IgE的阳性率比无症状组高。结论安徽芜湖地区儿童尘螨过敏的比例约为20%，尘螨变应原是儿童呼吸道变应性疾病的主要病因。

Objective To investigate the incidence of allergic diseases and the epidemiology characteristics sensitized with Dermatophagoides in children of Wuhu, Anhui Provence, providing the evidence for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children. Methods Selected randomly 205 3～4 years old children, born in our hospital during January to December 2009, were questioned about the symptoms related to allergy. And their serum total IgE, Der p sIgE and Der f sIgE were detected. Then we analysed the incidence of allergic disease in infancy and the differences and relevances between different symptoms groups and serological indicators. Results of the 205 cases studied, the total number of positive cases of DP and DF sIgE were 48 cases （23.4%） and 39 cases （19%）. There were 7 cases only positive for DP sIgE, but no case only positive for DF sIgE. The positive rate of Dermatophagoides sIgE in Children with respiratory symptoms was more than asymptomatic group. Conclusion The ratio of children sensitized with Dermatophagoides in Anhui Wuhu area is about 20%, and the main cause of espiratory allergic disease in children is Dermatophagoides allergen.