上海妊娠期女性牙周健康状况的多因素分析

Multiple factors analysis of periodontal status in pregnant women in Shanghai

目的：了解上海市妊娠期女性的牙周健康状况,探讨妊娠期女性牙周健康的影响因素,为以后进行有针对性的口腔健康教育、制订公共卫生策略提供依据。方法：采用横断面研究,随机抽取各区县妇幼保健院建卡的妊娠期女性（0-40周）进行调查。调查方法包括问卷调查和临床牙周检查,牙周检查项目包括可视菌斑指数、探诊出血指数、牙周袋深度、临床附着丧失。采用SPSS18.0软件包对数据进行χ2检验和logistic多因素回归分析。结果：共调查561名妊娠期女性,平均年龄（27.5±4.0）岁,孕周5-40周,平均孕周（18.9±8.1）周。牙周病患病率49.6%,其中牙周炎患病率为6.8%,牙龈炎为42.8%。Logistic回归分析显示,处于妊娠中、晚期的女性比妊娠早期更容易患牙周病;居住在郊区的妊娠期女性比居住在市区者患牙周病的危险性高。结论：上海市妊娠期女性牙周病的患病率与妊娠周期、居住地有关,应该加强对相应高危人群的口腔健康教育。

PURPOSE： To assess the periodontal health status of pregnant women in Shanghai, and to investigate the factors that may influence the periodontal health status of pregnant women, in order to provide theoretical evidence for the pointed oral health education and public health strategies in future. METHODS： A cross-sectional study was carried out to recruit pregnant women（0 to 40 weeks） randomly selected from primary Maternal and Child Care Service Centers in Shanghai. The data collection included the questionnaire survey and clinical periodontal examination. Visible plaque index（VPI）, bleeding on probing（BOP）, probing depth（PD）, and clinical attachment level（CAL） were assessed during the clinical examination. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the data by SPSS 18.0software package. RESULTS： A total of 561 pregnant women were surveyed. The mean age was（27.5 ±4.0） years. The mean gestational age was（18.9 ±8.1） weeks, ranged from 5 to 40 weeks. The prevalence of periodontal disease during pregnancy was 49.6%, of which the prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis were 42.8% and 6.8%, respectively. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that pregnant women who were in the second and third trimesters, and whose place of residence was rural were significantly more likely to suffer periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS： Gestational age and place of residence are the factors that are associated with the prevalence of periodontal disease among pregnant women in Shanghai. More oral health education and promotion should be targeted on these pregnant women at high-risk.