从不同文明产生的路径看中国早期国家的社会形态

The Social Formation of Early Chinese States: Viewing from the Different Paths that Civilizations Generated

如同恩格斯的论述,中国早期国家的压迫者阶级即社会的"主人"的产生,是由原始共同体内的社会"公仆"因其权力的异化发展而来的。这样一条阶级与国家产生的道路与古希腊罗马奴隶制国家是全然不同的。夏作为中国古代第一王朝,其"家天下"亦是禹治洪水的过程中因集中控制各部族的人力物力,导致禹个人身份的这种变化而建立起来的。夏商周三代社会形态不是奴隶社会,亦非封建社会,或者可以用过去雷海宗提出的"部民社会"来加以概括。

As Engel had expounded,the oppressing class in early Chinese state,i.e.the'master'of the society developed from the social'servants'in the original community as a result of the alienation of their rights.Such a path how class and state generated was completely different from the slavery states of ancient Greece and Rome.Being the first dynasty in ancient China,Xia's dominance was established upon the centralized control of tribal manpower and material resources in the process of Yu conquering the floods,and then,the changes in Yu's status.The social formation of the Xia,Shang,and Zhou Dynasties was neither slavery nor feudal society.Maybe we could generalize it as the'Bumin(freemen to the patriarchal clan commune)society'put forward by Lei Haizong.