略论实践存在论美学的哲学基础

Review on the Philosophical Basis of Practical Existentialist Aesthetics

任何一种美学理论都应当有自己的哲学基础。实践存在论美学的哲学基础,总体上说就是马克思实践的唯物主义即唯物史观,具体而言就是将美学的哲学基础从近代以来单纯的认识论转移到马克思以实践为中心的现代存在论根基上,在思维方式上由主客二分和现成论转换为关系论和生成论。实践存在论哲学基础在美学上的一个重要体现是,在肯定人生实践是人存在的基本方式或在世方式的基础上,进一步肯定审美活动是人生实践中一个基本的、必不可少的组成部分,从而肯定审美活动也是人的基本活动和基本存在方式之一;另一个重要体现是,美学研究的对象发生重要变化,从把探究美和美的本质当作美学的主要对象和出发点的现成论思路,转换成把探讨人对世界的审美关系及其现实展开——审美活动作为美学研究主要对象的生成论思考方式。

Any aesthetic theory has its own philosophical foundation. This paper deals mainly with the philosophical foundation of practical ontological aesthetics, namely, Marxist practical materialism, or historical materialism. Specifically, it is to turn the philosophical foundation of aesthetics from the simple epistemology since modern times to that of the Marxist practice-centered modern ontological basis. On the modes of thinking, it is to transfer from the subject-object dichotomy and Ready-made theory to the relational and generative approach. Based on the above core ideas, a series of basic problems about aesthetics have been reviewed and redefined.