日本当代文学批评方法论之辨

On Methodology of Japanese Contemporary Literary Criticism

日本当代文学批评方法论之争实际是哲学上唯物主义和唯心主义认识论之间的矛盾在文学批评上的反映。"作品论"尽管反对以实证主义方法为基础的"作家论",主张封闭在作品结构中的"内在批评",但并没有彻底割裂作品与作者的联系。但"文本论"所倡导的肆意阐释或无限解读,看似尊重读者的无限自由,充分发挥阅读的"民主",但实际上是抛弃了批评的根据和标准,从而必然导致批评上的虚无主义,引起文学价值判断上的混乱。

The debate on methodology of contemporary literary criticism in Japan is actually a reflection of conflicts between materialism and idealism on literary criticism. Although ＂literary work theory＂ is a- gainst ＂author theory＂ which is based on positivism and favors ＂inner criticism＂ within the work structure, it fails to disconnect the works and the author. Free interpretation held by ＂text theory＂, which seemingly respects the readers＇ freedom by giving full play to ＂reading democracy＂, is in fact away from the foundation and criterion of criticism. Consequently, this theory will inevitably lead to nihilism in criticism and confusion in literary values.