王国维:中国新诗哲学精神的潜在先驱

Wang Guowei: the Potential Pioneer of the Philosophical Spirit of Chinese New Poetry

新诗的哲学精神不同于传统的"天人合一"思想,而表现为对超越现世的另一个世界的追问,对宇宙真理的追问。这种哲学精神的先驱者是王国维。王国维的诗学思想以严格的哲学思想为基础,认为诗歌与哲学一样,都是真理表现的手段。王国维的诗学思想虽出现在白话新诗产生之前,但它属于现代人的精神生活范围,广义地讲也应属于"新诗",新诗的哲学精神也一直沿着王国维所指引的方向前进。新诗精神的探讨虽然从"诗界革命"就开始了,但"诗界革命"不曾涉及哲学;鲁迅的《摩罗诗力说》等著作,虽然有西方哲学思想的支撑,也明确地提出了"形而上学"这一纯哲学概念,但在诗学的哲学观念上,王国维比鲁迅更明确、更彻底、更系统,也更早提出,且王国维除了理论外还有哲学诗创作实践。只是,由于王国维观念的先锋和产生在白话诗之前等原因,致其诗学观念至今无人注意,但他事实上已构成新诗哲学精神的先驱,一位潜在的先驱。

The philosophical spirit of Chinese New Poetry which questions another world beyond this world is different from the traditional thinking of ＂Harmony between man and nature＂. This philosophical spirit was founded by Wang Guowei. Wang Guowei realized the core issue of Western philosophy - metaphysics, his poetic thought strictly in accordance with his philosophy is that poetry and philosophy are the means by which the truth is manifes- ted. His poetry practiced the ideal of his own poetic thinking. His poetic thought belongs to the scope of modern spiritual life and should belong to ＂New Poetry＂ in broad terms. The philosophical spirit of New Poetry has been advancing along the metaphysical direction guided by Wang Guowei. The studying of the aesthetic thought of ＂New Poetry＂ had already begun in the period of Poetic Revolution, but Poetic Revolution had not involved philosophy. Lu Xun＇ s Devil Poetry Force Theory, Breaking Evil Sound Theory and other poetic works, is supported by Western philosophy and also clearly present in a purely philosophical concept of the ＂Metaphysics＂, but Wang Guowei＇ s philosophical concept is more thorough and more systematic than Lu Xun＇ s. Moreover, the poetic writings of Wang Guowei had been written earlier than that of Lu Xun. Wang Guowei wrote poetry in addition to the poetic theory. So the pioneer of the philosophical spirit of Chinese New Poetry is Wang Guowei.