从实践理性到理性实践:比较、比较法与法治实践

From Practical Rationality to Rational Practice:Comparison,Comparative Law and the Practice of Rule of Law

从个体人生和人类活动同为经历与试错过程这一人类学观察入手,可推导出比较法对于人类法治的独特价值和意义。就法律而言,不同族群的法律制度、组织、行为和观念等必然主要依赖并体现各自族群的经历与试错;比较法可以从他者的经历与试错中吸取经验教训,克服自身的局限,因而有助于促进人类活动从实践理性到理性实践的发展进程,与美国实践主义等主流哲学思潮不谋而合。而在比较法学领域,部门比较法最能体现从实践理性到理性实践这一重要特征,亟须得到构建和加强,从而实质性地推动法治的建立。我国法治实践也同样呈现出从实践理性到理性实践的发展趋势,而中国法治实践学派的兴起与使命正是推动法治中国实践的理性化。

Although they belong to different academic disciplines, anthropology and comparative law share a crucially important feature： comparison. They both focus on the study of the Other, so as to better understand the Self. The basic reason for which comparison is significant is： all individual life and human activity are a process of experience and trial and error; in order for the individual and ethnic group to survive and develop, we must pay attention to and study the Other, learning its experiences and avoiding its missteps. With respect to law, the legal systems, organizations, behaviors and notions of different ethnic groups depend primarily on and reflect such groups＇ experience, trial and error. In this regard, comparative law can enable us to learn lessons from other groups＇ experience, trial and error, remedy our own shortcomings, and thus benefit the progression of human activity from practical rationality to rational practice. Such an