能量平衡与体重管理

Energy Balance and Body Weight Management

肥胖已成为世界范围内的公共卫生危机,各国政府投入了大量的人力物力试图解决这一危机。尽管如此,肥胖的发生率在美国仍在飘升,并在全球慢性病发病率中居于前列。能量平衡是指饮食、体力活动和基因等对人的生长和体重的交互作用。当能量摄入大于消耗,能量平衡被打破,就会出现体重增加,脂肪积累。尽管如此,能量摄入和能量消耗在体重变化过程中的交互作用尚不明确。在2014年,第61届ACSM年会上,一场能量平衡:一种体重管理干预模式(The Science of Energy Balance:A Model for weight Management Intervention)的专题报告及研讨会上,学者们阐述关于能量平衡各因素相互作用及其对超重和肥胖的影响的最新研究成果,参会人员就"增加体力活动(increasing physical activity)和减体重(promoting weight loss),哪个更有利于肥胖预防和治疗?"展开了激烈的争论。以能量平衡(energy balance)、超重(overweight)、肥胖(obesity)、体力活动(physical activity)和减体重(weight loss)为关键词,综述此次年会上的相关研究进展。

Obesity has become a worldwide public health crisis, and governments have invested a lot of human and material resources in trying to resolve it. Despite these efforts, obesity rate has soared in America and it＇s among the highest chronic-disease rates in the world. Energy balance refers to the integrated effect of diet, physical activity, and genetics on growth and body weight. Energy balance will be broken when intake is over expenditure and then body will gain weight and fat. However, the effect of imbalance between energy consumption and energy expenditure on weight change procedure is still not obvious. An energy balance special report, which named “The Science of Energy Balance： A Model for Weight Management Intervention”, was held on the ACSM＇s 61st annual meeting in 2014. Scholars showed their latest research results on interactions of energy balance factors and their effect on overweight and obesity. Around which is better for obesity prevention and treatment, increasing physical activity or promoting weight loss, scholars have launched a heated dispute. This paper used ＂energy balance＂, ＂overweight＂, ＂obesity＂, ＂physical activity＂, and ＂weight loss＂ as key words to review the related research progress which was discussed on this annual meeting.