对国家帆板队体能大周期训练计划的研究

A Research on the Long-Period Physical Fitness Training Plan of Chinese Windsurfing Team

采用调查、文献资料和数理统计法等研究方法,对国家帆板队大周期体能训练计划进行研究,旨在为帆板教练员和运动员体能训练提供参考。研究表明国际帆板运动竞赛规则发生变化对运动员体能提出新的挑战;训练负荷应以帆板所需的专项负荷变化为依据,体能大周期训练计划的5个阶段性计划依次为适应性训练→增肌训练→功能性力量训练→水上专项力量耐力训练→体能状态调整训练;有氧是体能的基础,有氧练习需要定量化;帆板体能训练需结合水上专项技术特点,注重核心力量训练、有氧训练、小关节力量训练尤其是足部趾关节的力量;无氧训练每周不超过2次。

For the purpose of providing physical fitness training reference for coaches and athletes of windsurfing, this paper analyzed long-period physical fitness training plan of Chinese Windsurfing Team by the methods of in- vestigation, literature review and mathematic statistics. The result showed that competition rule changes of international windsurfing bring new challenges to athlete＇s physical fitness. Load training should base on specific load of windsurfing. The five phases of physical fitness training are adaption training, muscle training, functional strength training, water specific strength and endurance training, and adjusting physical state training. Aerobic ability is the basis of physical fitness training and needs to be quantified. Physical fitness training should combine with sports characteristics, and focus on core strength training, aerobic training and facet joint strength training, especially the foot toe joint strength training. Anaerobic training should not have more than two times per week.