斯图亚特·霍尔学术历程中的加勒比流散群体与加勒比身份

Caribbean Diaspora and Caribbean Identity in Stuart Hall's Intellectual Trajectory

通过对牙买加出生的英国马克思主义者、英国文化研究之父斯图亚特·霍尔其人及其著述(如《监控危机》《最小的自我》《英国黑人》《艰难的复兴之路》等)的披露,记叙了霍尔因殖民种族主义制度而形成"流散知识分子"的缘由,以及霍尔在英国成为新左派的阅历及其主要学术理论路数。霍尔对后殖民主义制度下移民现状等问题的揭示,反映出加勒比、美国和欧洲地区的"黑色大西洋"共同体之间的复杂关系,黑人群体和"道德恐慌"之间不断升级的剑拔弩张的关系,其根源是对英国社会更为深远的危机的反应,即凯恩斯主义福利国家和"社会权威"失败的危机。霍尔在重新定位自己在加勒比生活中的角色的同时也努力应对着过渡时期特殊的挑战。

This article introduces Stuart Hall, the Jamaican-born professor of sociology, and his works. It reveals the making of such a diasporic intellectual as Hall under the background of colonial racism. It presents Hall＇ s experienc- es as a New Left writer and his main intellectual theories. Hall＇ s exposure to the issues of immigrants in the post-co- lonial system reflects complex relationship among Black Atlantic communities in the Caribbean, the US and Europe. This article explores the relations between the rising militancy in the black community and the ＂moral panic＂, and points out that the crisis is a response to a more profound crisis in British society, a crisis about the failure of the Keynesian welfare state and ＂social authority＂. As a representative of the generation marked by the condition of post- colonial interstitiality, Hall resituates himself in Caribbean life and grapples with the special challenges of the intersti- tial moment.