阿Q、“狂人”与彼列多诺夫——鲁迅与索洛古勃比较研究之三

Ah Q,“Madman”and Peredonov:Comparative Study on Lu Xun and Fyodor Sologub

鲁迅与索洛古勃是敢于对自己民族"刨根论劣"的伟大作家,他们塑造了反映本民族劣根性的典型性格:阿Q与彼列多诺夫。两者有许多共性:明显的精神胜利倾向;愚昧无知,信守正统;强烈的自愿为奴意识;毫无特操;卑怯;盲目地崇尚暴力。两者的差异也表现在诸多方面,主要是一为"卑怯的‘末人’",一为"卑劣的小鬼"。同时,鲁迅的"狂人"与彼列多诺夫也有明显的可比性:都是被迫害狂,但彼列多诺夫同时又是迫害狂。"吃人"与"告密"是《狂人日记》与《卑劣的小鬼》两部作品的关键词,也是两个对应的意象,它们包孕着甚为深刻的文化内容;同时两作又都深蕴着"救救孩子"的深意。两位作家在用多种创作方法塑造民族的典型性格时,都给与人物的生成环境以充分的描写,从民族性格的否定性出发,进而彻底否定了性格的生成环境,从而昭示出未来革命的必然性乃至暴烈性,尽管鲁迅写的是一场失败了的革命,索洛古勃是在以后的《创造的传奇》中更为全面地预言了革命。

As great writers who dare to ＂lay bare the deep - rooted bad habits＂ of their own respective nations, Lu Xun and Fyodor Sologub （,1863 - 1927 ） have both portrayed the typical char- acter, Ah Q and Peredonov, reflecting the deep - rooted bad nature of their own nations. Both of the two have many things in common： obvious tendency of spiritual victory; ignorantly keeping sense to be a slave by one＇ s own volition; meanness and cowardliness with no moral worship of violence ; etc. And the difference of them lies in that the one is a ＂ ＇ villain＇ orthodox ; strong character; blind with vile character＂, and the other, a ＂base demon. ＂ The ＂Madman＂ and Peredonov both suffer from persecution mania whereas the latter, from paranoid of being persecuted at the same time. ＂Man - eating＂ and ＂telling on others＂ are the key words to A Madman＇s Diary and The Petty Demon. The two authors have both foretold the necessity of the future revolution when they are depicting the typical character of their own nations though what Lu Xun writes about is a failed revolution, while Fyodor Sologub predicts more fully the revo- lution in his later - coming The Created Legend.