民国时期武术的科学化变革

Changes of Sceintification of Martial Arts of Republic of China

作为现代武术发展史上的一个高峰,民国武术置身于当时人们追求"科学"的话语背景之中。以"传统"为特征的国术(武术)与当时的"科学"话语形成了较大的反差与抵牾。国术界要实现以武图强的远大抱负,国术的"科学化"问题首当其冲。鲁迅与陈铁生的论战围绕国术是否有提倡的必要展开,一方面为国术的科学化做了舆论上的铺垫,另一方面也促使国术界开始反思传统武术的痼疾。进而,国术界从理论和实践两个方面展开了国术科学化的改造,其实质是确立发展国术的合理性和合法性,为国术的进一步发展铺平了道路。

As a peak in the history of the development of modern martial arts, martial arts of the Republic of China were positioned against the discourse context of the pursuit of ＂science＂ of people at that time. With ＂tradition＂ as one of their characteristics, martial arts （guoshu, similarly hereinafter） gave rise to larger contrasts and contradictions with the then ＂scientific＂ discourse. Therefore, if the community of guoshu planned to realize the ambition of making China into a strong and powerful country by way of gu- oshu, the most important thing was to bring about their ＂scientification＂. Thus the controversy between Lu Xun and Chen Tiesheng was around the necessity to advocateguoshtt. And this, on the one hand, made preparations in public opinion for the seientification ofguoshu, and precipitated theguoshucircle to reflect on the chronic maladies ofguoshuon the other. And then, the guoshucircle launched the transformation of the scientification ofguoshufrom both theory and practice. For, scientification ofguoshuis in essence the establishment of the rationality and legitimacy of the development of guoshu, and this has paved the way for guoshuto develop further.