点检表的应用对糖尿病性视网膜病变术后患者自我护理能力的影响

Influence of spot-inspection form on self-care ability of postoperative patients with diabetic retinopathy

目的：探讨点检表对糖尿病性视网膜病变术后患者自我护理能力的影响。方法将86例糖尿病性视网膜病变术后患者按入院时间先后顺序进行编号，随机抽取号码分为对照组42例和研究组44例，对照组采用常规出院健康教育及用药指导，研究组在常规出院健康教育及用药指导的基础上给予应用自我护理强化点检表。分别在术后第2天、术后1个月、术后3个月对患者进行自我护理能力测定量表（ ESCA）及自行设计的问卷调查，分析结果。结果术后第2天、1个月两组患者自我概念、自护责任感、自我护理技能、健康知识水平、自我护理能力得分比较差异均无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）；术后3个月研究组患者自我护理技能得分为（32．18±4．99）分，自我概念（21．98±2．71）分，自护责任感（20．50±2．17）分，健康知识水平（53．73±6．73）分，自我护理能力（128．39±14．00）分，对照组分别为（30．60±5．04），（20．64±3．15），（19．36±2．30），（50．83±7．39），（121．43±15．53）分，除自我护理技能外，研究组其他各项目得分均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（t值分别为2．109，2．367，1．903，2．184；P＜0．05）。结论点检表应用于糖尿病性视网膜病变术后患者护理中对提高患者自理能力，促进患者康复，提高患者生存质量具有现实意义。

Objective To explore the effects of spot-inspection form on self-care ability of postoperative patients with diabetic retinopathy .Methods By the random sampling method , we chose 86 postoperative patients with diabetic retinopathy .All the patients were randomly assigned into two groups-the control group （n=42） and the experimental group （n=44）.The control group was given healthy guidance and medication directions.The experimental group was given extra education of spot-inspection form.The Exercise of Self-care Agency Seale （ ESCA ） and self-designed questionnaire were used to assess the postoperative patients with diabetic retinopathy on the second day after operation , one month after operation and three months after operation.Results The second day after the operation and one month after operation , the self-care ability of postoperative patients with diabetic retinopathy had no significant differences between patients in the two groups （P〉0.05）.Three months after the operation , the scores of self-care, self-concept, self-care responsibility, health knowledge level and self-care ability in the experimental group were （32.18 ±4.99）, （21.98 ±2.71）, （20.50 ±2.17）, （53.73 ±6.73） and （128.39 ±14.00）, respectively.Those scores in the control group were （30.60 ±5.04）, （20.64 ±3.15）, （19.36 ±2.30）, （50.83 ±7.39） and （121.43 ±15.53）.The scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group （ t=2.109,2.367, 1.903,2.184, respectively;P〈0.05）, except for the self-nursing skills （P〈0.05）.Conclusions The spot-inspection form applied to postoperative patients with diabetic retinopathy has practical significance to improve the self-care ability, promote the rehabilitation of patients and improve the quality of life .