知信行模式在老年糖尿病足患者中的应用

Effect of knowledge, attitude, belief, and practice model on self-care skills among elder patients with diabetic foot

目的：探讨知信行模式对老年糖尿病足患者自我护理行为干预的效果。方法将77例老年0～1级糖尿病足患者按区组随机化分组方法随机分为干预组38例和对照组39例，应用知信行模式对干预组患者进行足部自我护理行为干预，对照组给予常规的糖尿病足教育。应用糖尿病足自我护理行为问卷、糖尿病足自我效能量表（ DSES）于入院时、干预结束后对两组患者的足部自我护理行为和自我效能进行评估。结果干预前两组患者糖尿病足自我护理行为总分及DSES总分比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）；3个月后，糖尿病足自我护理行为总分：干预组为（67．63±15．23）分，对照组为（50．65±21．03）分；DSES总分：干预组为（121．06±26．70）分，对照组为（104．15±21．13）分，两组比较差异均有统计学意义（ t值分别为18．298，18．016；P＜0．01）。两组患者糖尿病足自我护理行为和DSES总分干预前后自身对照比较，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。结论知信行模式下的健康教育有利于提高老年糖尿病足患者的自我护理技能和自我效能，促进其形成和巩固正确的足部护理行为。

Objective To explore the effect of knowledge , attitude, belief, and practice （ KABP ） model on self-care skills among elder patients with diabetic foot .Methods Seventy-seven elder patients were divided into the intervention group （ n=38 ） and control group （ n=39 ） .The KABP model was used in the intervention group , and the traditional teaching method was used in the control group .The patients were investigated with diabetic foot self-carequestionnaire and diabetic footself-efficacyscale （ DSES ） when they admitted into the hospital and after the intervention .Results The total score of self-care and DSES between the groups had no significant difference （ P 〉0.05 ）.After 3months intervention, the self-care score of the intervention group and the control group were （67.63 ±15.23） and （50.65 ±21.03）.The DSES score of the intervention group and the control group were （121.06 ±26.70） and （104.15 ±21.13）.There were significant differences between groups （t =18.298,18.016, respectively;P 〈0.01）.The self-care and DSES score compared before and after the intervention had significant differences （ P 〈0.01）.Conclusions Health education using the KAP model can efficiently enhance their self-care skills and diabetic foot self-efficacy.