核能电厂提前关闭政策与机制之研究——以世界三波重大核灾为对象

On the Policy and Mechanism of Premature Closure of the Nuclear Power Plant——A case study of three waves of nuclear disasters in the world

自核能电厂投入使用以来,先后出现的三哩岛、车诺比尔及福岛核灾难事件均引起核能电厂提前退役或非核政策的风潮与讨论。涉及议题主要有:现有核电机组的提前关闭,核电发展的未来规划,核废料的处置,对核电厂所在地给予补偿,整体能源政策与再生能源推动等。推动非核政策的这些国家,均清一色为欧洲国家。推动非核政策的机制,主要有由上而下的政党与政府推动以及由下而上的公民投票决定两种方式,也有同一国家两种不同方式交错发生作用的现象。至于非核发展的未来前景,则取决于气候变化谈判的进展。

Since the initiation of nuclear power plants,three major nuclear disasters have occurred,namely,the Three Mile Nuclear Disaster,the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster,and the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster,which has triggered heated discussion over early decommission of nuclear power plants and non-nuclear policies.Issues raised range from shutting down nuclear power units ahead of schedule,future nuclear energy planning,disposal of nuclear waste,compensation for the places where nuclear power plants are located to the promotion of an overall energy policy and renewable energy.The countries working for the non-nuclear policy are all European ones.The non-nuclear policy is advance either through a top-down mechanism where political parties and the government play an active role or by means of the bottom-up referendum.And some countries combine the two mechanisms.But the future of the non-nuclear movement depends a lot on the progress of climate change negotiations.