突发天气条件下航空器改变高度的改航模型和算法研究

Research on aircraft diversion model and algorithm for changing altitude under breaking weather condition

为使航空器安全地应对突发天气,快速脱离危险区域,通过探讨改变高度的改航方式,提出基于椭圆的改进威胁概率模型。根据改航规则,考虑安全、舒适、经济、梯度等因素,建立以航程最短为目标的改进飞行模型,分3种情况分别分析改航最短路径的规划方法,设计相关的启发式算法流程,并采用Matlab进行算例仿真模拟,以验证改航方式的有效性。结果表明:利用威胁概率模型可以确定突发天气的威胁区域;根据改航模型和算法,搜索威胁区域前后报告点连接形成的多条路径,选择最优改航路径,从而确定在何时何地以多大梯度爬升/下降,且改航后总航程增量较小。

For safely avoiding sudden weather and separating aircraft more quickly from threatened area, an improved threat probability model based on ellipse was built by exploring the way of diversion changing level. According to diverting rules and considering factors such as safety, comfortableness, economy and gradient, an improvement model was built for flight aiming at shortest distance. Three kinds of shortest path planning methods of diversion were analyzed respectively. A related process of heuristic algorithm was designed. The Matlab was used to simulate example to test the effectiveness of proposed diverting way. Simulation results show that threatened area of abrupt weather can be accurately determined by using the threat probability model and an optimal diverting path can be determined by searching from multiple paths formed by connecting report points before and after threatened area according to the diverting model and algorithm. Thus the time, place and gradient of climbing/descending to divert can be determined and total range increment is very small.