空气动力学在F1赛车上的运用

The Application of the Aerodynamics for Formula 1 Racing Car

在F1赛车的研究中,空气动力学研究的核心目的是在保证赛车获得足够压力的情况下拥有最小的空气阻力,以提高赛车的速度和高速行驶的稳定性。在空气动力学实验中,工程师们最关注的主要是3个方面的内容:下压力、阻力和灵敏性(敏感度)。巨大的下压力可以提高赛车的过弯极限,但是在理想状态下,下压力的增加不应当带来赛车阻力的增加,但是不可避免的却会牺牲赛车的部分极速。赛车的空气动力学灵敏性(敏感度)则是指赛车的状态性能对于空气动力学环境改变时自身变化的强弱,例如由不平整的赛道路面带来的赛车翼片以及底盘和路面距离之间的频繁变化时,赛车性能所受到的干预强弱。

In the study of Formula-1 racing car,the main task of the aerodynamics is to ensure that racing car will encounter minimum aerodynamic drag when it has obtained adequate down force in order to enhance the velocity and the travelling stability of the car at its high speed. During the aerodynamics test for the car,engineers pay more attention to the following three points：down force,drag and sensitivity. Generally huge down force could improve the cornering limit of the car. Although the increase of the down force will not bring higher drag of the car under ideal conditions,the partial loss at the limit velocity of the car could not be avoided. In the other hand,aerodynamic sensitivity is defined as the variation of the state and performance of the car under the different aerodynamic conditions,especially the performance of the car is greatly affected when the variation of the wing board and the distance between chassis and road surface occurs frequently on account of uneven surface of racing road.