静电纺纳米纤维材料在膜分离领域的应用研究进展

Progress on the Research of Electrospun Nanofibers for Membrane Separation Applications

近年来,由静电纺丝技术制备的纳米纤维多孔膜,因具有纤维纤度细、表面积大、孔隙率高等形态特点,以及兼具良好的机械强度、低密度和易功能化而在过滤基膜分离领域的应用研究倍受各国研究者的关注。现有的高分子材质微滤膜多采用溶液相转化法,然而用该方法所制备的微滤膜孔隙率较低,并且所形成的微孔部分为闭孔结构;而静电纺纳米纤维多孔膜的孔隙率高且为相互贯通的开孔结构,能够显著改善流通性,是非常好的微孔滤膜。综述了近几年来纳米纤维作为过滤材质以及过滤用支撑材质在膜分离技术领域的研究成果,主要从纳米纤维微孔滤膜以及纳米纤维基复合滤膜用于水净化及脱盐淡化等几个方面进行概述,并对纳米纤维基滤膜的应用研究前景进行了展望。

Nanofibrous mats, mainly fabricated by electrospinning technique, have gained substantial attention in the field of filtration-based membrane separation technology due to their unique morphology properties including small fiber diameter, high surface-to-volume ratio, high porosity, good mechanical properties, light weight, accessible functionalization, etc. As compared to the larger thickness, relatively lower porosity and disconnected microporous structures of polymer phase inversion membranes, the electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds exhibit high porosity and fully interconnected porous structures resulting in the remarkable improvement of permeability. In this paper, we summarize recent research progress in the field of membrane separation technology based on nanofibrous substrate filtration medium, and highlight the application of water purification and seawater desalination from nanofibrous microfihration membrane and thin film nanofibrous composite （TFNC） filtration membrane. The future outlook of nanofibrous filtration membrane is also discussed.