爆破震动信号频带能量分布特征

Frequency Band Energy Distribution Characteristics of Blasting Vibration Signals

研究爆破地震波的传播规律,对矿山爆破震动控制十分重要。以红透山铜矿为工程背景,在矿山巷道布置爆破震动信号测点,利用爆破振动监测仪采集测点实际生产爆破震动信号。基于小波信号分析技术,采用MATLAB编写相关程序,对信号进行小波分解与重构,优选适合测试信号的小波基,开展微差爆破震动信号能量分布特征研究。分析爆心距、总药量及传播方向3个因素对爆破震动信号能量分布规律的影响,结果表明:随着爆心距增加,爆破震动信号低频部分所占总能量的百分比变大;采用多分段微差爆破,虽然总药量增大,但是能量分布较均匀;在背向及侧向两个传播方向上,爆破震动信号频带能量分布有一定差异,传播方向对震动信号的能量分布影响显著。

Studying the propagation law of blasting seismic waves is very important for blasting vibration control.With Hongtoushan copper mine as the engineering background and setting measuring point of blasting vibration signal in the tunnel,blasting vibration signals in actual production were collected with vibration monitors.Based on wavelet analysis technology,and using MATLAB procedures,decomposition and reconstruction of the signal wavelet were made to select suitable wavelet for the gained signal.Then,energy distribution characteristics of millisecond blasting vibration signals were investigated.Effects of distance from blast center,total amount of explosives and propagation direction on the energy distribution law of blasting vibration signal were studied.The results showed that：With distance from blast center increasing,the low frequency portion of blasting vibration signal occupied larger percentage of total energy;When using multi-segmented millisecond blasting,the energy distributed evenly,although the total explosive increased;The energy distribution of blasting vibration signals in the back and lateral direction have some differences,and the propagation direction significantly impacts on the energy distribution of vibration signal.