延边地区常见梨贮藏中生理特性变化

Change of Physiological Characters of Pear during Storage in Yianbian Area

[目的]掌握我国延边地区常见梨的采后生理特征。[方法]以延边地区常见梨品种为供试材料,在室温贮藏条件下,测定了果实的品质、呼吸速率及乙烯发生量的变化情况。[结果]试验表明,延边常见梨果实软化速率因品种而异,贮藏性强的苹果梨贮藏中硬度下降缓慢;而贮藏性较差的杂梨果实贮藏中硬度下降迅速。在贮藏中梨果实可溶性固形物含量和有机酸含量在软化初期有小幅的增加,然后减少,其下降点与梨果实贮藏性有关。贮藏性较强的梨品种在贮藏中后期维生素C含量有小幅的增加,然后下降。总糖和还原糖含量变化总体上呈现出先上升后减少的趋势。延边常见梨果实中,谢花甜在贮藏14 d有一个非常明显的呼吸峰,其他果实呼吸峰不明显,且贮藏性差的品种在贮藏中呼吸速率均较高;南果梨和谢花甜在贮藏14 d出现明显的乙烯发生高峰,发生量分别高达92.07和77.43μl/(kg·h),苹果梨在贮藏21 d形成乙烯发生高峰,而延边小香水梨和朝鲜洋梨贮藏过程中的乙烯发生量甚微,说明梨果实贮藏性与呼吸强度和乙烯敏感性有关。[结论]研究可为延边地区梨的采收、贮藏和加工提供理论依据。

[Objective] In order to understand the physiological characteristics of pear after harvesting in Yianbian area.[Method] The common pear in Yanbian area were used as the test material,stored at room temperature,ethylene and respiration rate,fruit quality changes were measured.[Result] The results show that：The common pear of Yanbian area fruit softening rate varies by species.The hardness of Pingguoli which has a strong storage was slowly decreased in the storage period.In the case,on the contrary,it is more rapidly hardness decreasing in this storage period for other else.At the early soften period,the soluble solid and the organic acid content has a little increase and then decrease for different fruit.This order of decline is connected with resistant to storing of peer fruit.The vitamin C content of higher storability peer variety has slight increase at the later stage of storing.Then it was decrease.The change of total sugar and reducing sugar content is unlike in different storage period,increased after the first reduce overall.In Yanbian common peer fruit,the climacteric was very obvious for the pear fruit when storage time is a 14-day.However,it is not obvious in others.At the same time,the respiration rate were higher during storage for other pears that its storage stability was poor than apart in all.During storage,the peak of ethylene outputs was apparently discovered after storage 14-day,its production were respectively as high as 92.07 and 77.43 μ l/（kg · h）,ethylene production of apple-pears has a peak at the 21 d storage,but ethylene generates was slowly and few during storage for Yanbian Xiaoxiangshui pear and Nanguoli,which means pear fruit storage was associated with respiratory intensity and ethylene sensitivity.[Conclusion] The study can provide theoretical basis for harvesting,storage and processing of pear in Yianbian area.