近10年间广东省3个典型海湾海岸线变迁的遥感分析

Changes in the Coastline of Three Typical Bays in Guangdong During Recent 10 Years Revealed by Satellite Image

汕头湾、大亚湾和湛江湾是分别位于粤东、珠江口和粤西沿海的3个重要海湾,分析它们近10 a来的海岸线变迁情况,可以为广东省现阶段海岸带开发管理和整治工作提供重要的参考数据。本文采用Landsat卫星数据,在Arcgis平台下,根据不同岸相类型的图像特征,通过人工解译方法提取岸线,利用叠加分析方法分析近10 a来3个海湾的海岸线变迁情况。结果表明:近10 a来,汕头湾、大亚湾和湛江湾分别有约5 680 m、16 100 m和22 440 m长的海岸线发生变迁,分别占广东省海岸线总长的0.67%、0.48%和0.17%,其中,有31 840 m的海岸线被用于工业和城镇建设,有8040 m的海岸线由于围海养殖活动发生变迁,3个海湾的海岸线平均向海最大推进距离约为397 m、792 m和535 m。可见,近10 a来广东省海岸带变迁程度有加重的趋势。

Shantou bay,Daya Bay and Zhanjiang bay are three typical drowned-valley bays located at East Guangdong,Pearl River mouth and West Guangdong separately.To study the changes in coastline of the three bays,a clear sense about the development of the coastline in Guangdong and provide some scientific data for the government department to manage coastal exploration can be gotten.In this paper,it is extracted the coastline of the three bays using Arcgis tools and interpreted the changes in coastline using stacking method.The results showed that there were 5680m（0.67% to the coastline of Guangdong）,16100m（0.47% to the coastline of Guangdong） and 22440m （0.17% to the coastline of Guangdong） in coastline length changed in Shantou bay,Daya Bay and Zhanjiang bay separately,and 31840m in length of the coastline was explored to build port and city,and 8040 m was explored to aquaculture.The maximum distance of the coastline moved to sea was 397 m,792m and 535m separately.Generally,the exploration activities of coastline in Guangdong increased recently during recent 10 years.