纳米材料在水环境中的行为及其对水生生物的毒性效应

Behavior and Toxicity of Nanomaterials in Aquatic Environment

针对当前广泛应用的纳米材料排放后对环境潜在的污染这一新型问题,基于水环境是纳米材料排放后汇集的重要场所,着重探讨水环境中纳米材料的行为及检测、对水生生物的毒性效应及机制。在此基础上,从纳米材料理化性质、环境和生态毒理学角度对当前纳米毒理学研究存在的问题和面临的挑战进行了分析和展望,为纳米材料风险评估体系的构建、完善和相关环境标准的建立提供参考。

Increasing uses of nanomaterials（NMs） in commercial products and industrial applications has eventually resulted in their releases into atmospheric,terrestrial,and aquatic environments.Although increasing studies have been conducted to investigate environmental impacts of NMs,knowledge gaps in their fate,behavior,toxicity and mechanism currently limit our ability to quantify and assess risks of materials within nanoscale dimensions.Considering that aquatic environment is the main pool of NMs after their use and release,this review mainly focuses on the behavior,detection,toxicity and mechanisms of NMs in aquatic environment.As characterization,in vitro and in vivo biological effects of NMs are considered to be three main factors in their toxicity screening strategies;the importance of characterizing NMs in experimental-relevant media is also stated in this review.The problems and challenges encountered in nanotoxicology are presented and analyzed from physicochemical,environmental and toxicological points of view.This review is essential for understanding environmental impact of NMs and provides information for assessing the potential hazard and risk of these NMs.