基于损失分析的我国海洋灾害救助

China Marine Disaster Relief Based on Disaster Losses Analysis

从灾害损失的角度分析近年来海洋灾害的破坏特征,在此基础上提出我国海洋灾害救助的策略。通过构建损失分析指标体系,对2002—2011年的海洋灾害损失数据进行因子分析,得出这一阶段我国海洋灾害的损失因子主要为生存威胁因子、生产作业影响因子和设备破坏因子,这3个因子的得分受海洋灾害强度的影响:在灾害强度大时,生存威胁因子得分较高;灾害相对缓和时,生产作业影响因子和设备破坏因子得分较高。海洋灾害救助应根据灾情调整着力点,重灾年份应着重保障灾民生命安全,轻灾年份应注重生产资料损失的补偿。

This paper tries to propose tactics for marine disaster relief on the basis of marine disaster losses.According to the losses analysis index system,this paper conducted factor analysis using the marine disaster losses data from 2002 to 2011,and the results showed that the major factors of marine disaster losses were survival threat factor,production impact factor and facility damage factor.The scores of these three factors changed with the strength of marine disaster：during severe years,survival threat factor got higher scores;when marine disaster was relatively calm,production impact factor and facility damage factor got higher scores.Therefore,relief tactics should adjust to the severity of marine disaster,for example,in severe years,people should focus on life and safety protection,whereas during light years,more attention should be paid to the compensation of production resources losses.