火山灰云在航空安全领域研究进展

The Progress of Volcanic Ash Cloud Study in Aviation Safety

火山爆发产生的火山灰会给附近并较大范围内造成严重影响,尤其是上升到对流层顶部及以上的火山灰云会给航空安全带来巨大威胁。因此,对火山灰云的发生、发展进行监测和预警就显得尤为重要。阐述了火山灰云概念及其研究历史,并根据火山灰云特点介绍了火山灰云对航空安全的影响,进而阐述了目前卫星监测火山灰云存在的一些手段和方法,以及火山灰云预测模型的研究进展,国际上政府之间和各机构等采取的一些应对措施。随着航空业的日益发展,特别是中国航空运输的快速增长,且中国周边东南亚、日本和堪察加半岛火山众多,因此,火山灰云对航空威胁日益显著。最后指出,更好的进行火山灰云的研究是非常必要的,尤其是建立火山灰云的监测和预警。

Ash produced during explosive volcanic eruptions can cause serious impacts on both close and great distance sites to the volcano, especially, it will make huge threat to aviation safety when volcanic ash are injected to the top of Troposphere and above. Therefore, how volcanic ash cloud arise and develop and how we make best de- tection and prediction appear important. We introduce the volcanic processes of generation and development and briefly define the concept of volcanic ash cloud. Based on features of volcanic ash cloud, we describe the impact of volcanic ash to aviation safety. Then we describe the study history of the volcanic ash cloud and present some prac- tical means and methods on the volcanic ash cloud monitoring. Furthermore, we introduce some policies made by governments and international agencies to avoid the volcanic ash threat to aviation safety. With the increasing devel- opment of the aviation industry, especially the rapid growth of China＇s air transports and numerous volcanoes a- round our country in southeastern Asia, e.g. Japan and the Kamchatka Peninsula, volcanic ash cloud threat to avi- ation increases significantly. Therefore, it is very necessary to pay more attention on studying the volcanic ash cloud, which could better monitor the volcanic ash cloud and predict the threat to aviation.