脑血管意外患者院前急救风险评估及护理

目的：分析比较不同院前急救方式对脑血管意外患者的临床疗效，为临床脑血管意外患者的院前急救积累经验，并为完善脑血管患者院前急救方式的研究提供有效依据，提高患者及患者家属进行院前急救的意识。方法将东莞市太平人民医院2011年1月～2013年5月接收的、确诊为脑血管意外患者的56例患者随机分为2组。A组为观察组（n=36），由医院专业人员对患者进行院前急救措施；B组为对照组（n=20），由患者家属自行进行院前急救。比较2组患者的救治效果。比较2组患者转运过程中并发症发生情况以及死亡率，2组比较，A组显著低于B组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结果 A组患者中出现神经功能障碍4例；呼吸道阻塞1例；脑疝2例；死亡2例。B组患者分别为5例；2例；2例；4例。2组比较，A组显著低于B组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论对于脑血管意外患者的治疗，院前急救治疗确切有效，并且能够显著地降低患者死亡率，提高了手术治愈率，值得进一步研究和推广。

Objective Comparing the clinical efficacy of different ways for prehospital patients with Cerebrovascular accident for the accumulation of pre-hospital clinical experience in patients with cerebrovascular accident and providing an effective evidence for improving the study of the first aid methods of prehospital patients with Cerebrovascular accident, raise awareness of the families of patients and patients with pre- hospital emergency care. Methods 56 patients who were diagnosed with cerebral vascular accident in January 2011 to May 2013 at Taiping People＇s Hospital were randomly divided into two groups. Group A is the observation group, （n=36）, received pre-hospital emergency measures of hospital professionals; Group B as the control group （n=20）, received pre-hospital emergency measures of Family member. Two groups were compared mortality and the incidence of complications in transport processes .A group was significantly lower than group B. The difference was statistically significant （P 〈0.05）. Results Group A of neurological dysfunction occurred in 4 cases;Airway obstruction, 1 case; Brain herniation,2 cases; 2 deaths. Group B patients were 5 cases ; 2 cases ; 2 cases ; 4 cases .Group A was significantly lower than group B, the difference was statistically significant （P 〈0.05）. Conclusion Pre-hospital emergency treatment for the treatment of patients with cerebrovascular accident, is effective and can significantly reduce mortality and improve the cure rate, worthy of further research and promotion.