资源与环境约束下的中国磷矿资源需求形势

The analysis of resource and environmental constraints of China's phosphate resources demand situation

磷矿是我国重要的战略性矿产资源,主要用于生产磷肥,同时也是精细磷化工的物质基础。磷肥是农业生产必不可少的生产资料,因此,保护磷矿资源,实现其可持续供应,关系着磷肥产业的兴衰,是粮食安全的重要保障。近年来,我国磷肥产业发展迅速,产能过剩,出口量持续增加,致使磷矿资源大量被消耗,而我国磷矿资源丰而不富,保障程度并不乐观,因此合理开发利用和保护磷矿资源刻不容缓。面对我国磷矿资源稀缺性日渐显现及磷肥生产和施用过程中对环境造成的污染等诸多挑战,全面分析我国磷矿资源需求形势对磷肥工业和农业可持续发展具有重要意义。本文首先对我国磷矿的资源、生产、消费和磷肥的生产、消费以及磷肥对环境的污染等情况进行分析,依据发达国家单位耕地面积磷肥施用量的历史变化,提出我国磷矿应提高产业集中度,减少磷矿出口及浪费、降低磷肥产能、提高磷肥利用率、施用农家肥等保障我国磷矿资源可持续供应的对策建议。

Phosphate rock is the important strategic mineral resources in our country, mainly for the production of phosphate fertilizer, but also the material basis of fine phosphorus chemical industry. Phosphate fertilizer is the essential means of agricultural production, therefore, protecting phosphate rock resources and realizing the sustainable supply relates to the rise and fall of phosphate fertilizer industry, it is an important guarantee of food security. In recent years, the rapid development of China＇s phosphate fertilizer industry, excess production capacity, export volume continued to increase, leading to phosphate rock resources are large consumed,while China＇s phosphate rock resources are not rich,degree of protection is not optimistic, so rational development , utilization and protection phosphate rock resources is urgent. Face of the challenges of China＇ s phosphate resources scarcity increasingly obvious and phosphate fertilizer production and application process of the pollution, a comprehensive analysis of the situation of phosphate rock resources demand in China is of great significance to the phosphate fertilizer industry and the sustainable development of agriculture. This paper first analyses the resources, production, consumption and phosphate fertilizer on China＇ s phosphate fertilizer production, consumption and pollution to the environment,based on the historical changes of cultivated land area per unit of fertilizer application in developed countries, put forward China＇s phosphate should raise the level of industry concentration, reduce the phosphate rock export volume and waste, reduce fertilizer production capacity, improve the phosphate fertilizer utilization and sustainable countermeasures that supply China＇s phosphate resources of farmyard manure and security.