我国服务业生产率的变动轨迹及启示(1978-2012)--基于DEA技术的省际分析

The Measurement on Total Factor Productivity of China's Service Industry in 1978—2012——A Study Based on DEA Method

基于我国1978-2012年31个省市自治区服务业的面板数据，运用产出导向的规模收益可变DEA模型计算了改革开放以来全国及各省服务业全要素生产率的变动，并将其进一步分解为四个效率指标，通过对生产率各个指标值变动轨迹的区域和阶段两方面考察，试图从劳动生产率视角，提供一个理解服务业集聚效应的维度，探究我国服务业发展的主要特点和矛盾。研究表明，35年来我国服务业全要素生产率增长显著，但地区差距问题也日益突出，拉动效率增长的主导因素发生了变化。我国应加快改革各类阻碍服务业发展的制度障碍，推进服务业结构优化和技术创新，不断完善服务业的集聚发展模式。

This paper uses DEA model which based on output and VRS to calculate the total factor productivity in China＇s service industry from 1978 to 2012, covering 31 provinces and autonomous regions. Then the TFP was decomposed into technical efficiency, technical pro- gress, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. After the analysis of the changes of these indexes from phase and regional aspect, this paper found that the total factor produc- tivity in service industry has been highly improved but there were also huge gap between dif- ferent areas after 35 years＇ development. The main factors which promote service industry have changed in these years. Overall, the development mode of service industry is still not healthy; China should upgrade the industrial structure and technical innovation, as well as promote its agglomeration.