对新形势下中国参与北极事务的思考

On China's Participation in Arctic Governance under New Circumstance

近年来,北极战略地位不断提升,北极开发利用成为各方关注的焦点。北极国家内部、北极国家与非北极国家之间在北极事务方面的合作意识和合作机制进一步加强,但各方深层次矛盾和冲突短期内难以消除。北极理事会等多边合作机制在北极事务中的地位和影响力明显提升。北极经济理事会即将成立。笔者认为,在北极新形势下,宜客观理性地认识我国参与北极事务的机遇和挑战,准确把握"近北极国家"和北极利益攸关方的身份定位,做到"三个坚持"。同时,继续搭建和巩固双边、多边国际合作平台,用好北极理事会正式观察员地位,深入参与北极合作,不断提升北极科研水平。适时制订全面系统的北极政策,做好北极公共外交。稳妥参与北极开发利用,为北极的和平、稳定和可持续发展作出贡献。

In recent years, the strategic values of the Arctic are increasingly recognized by the international community. The development of the Arctic is becoming the focus of interested parties. The sense and mechanism of cooperation among Arctic states themselves, as well as between Arctic and non-Arctic states, are gradually improving. However, contradictions and conflicts among related parties are not easy to eliminate. The role and influence of multilateral cooperation mechanism, such as the Arctic Council, is significantly enhanced. The Arctic Economic Council is to be established. Taking into consideration the above trends of the Arctic, the author puts forward his suggestions on China's participation in Arctic affairs. First, view opportunities and challenges that China faces regarding its participation in Arctic affairs in a rational and objective way, stick to the status of 'near-Arctic State' and Arctic stake-holder as well as 'Three Adherence' in Arctic affairs. Second, continue to establish and improve bilateral and multilateral platforms for Arctic cooperation, make good use of accredited observer status in the Arctic Council to involve deeply in Arctic cooperation and enhance Arctic scientific research. Third, formulate comprehensive and systematic Arctic policy, promote Arctic public diplomacy. Lastly, participate in Arctic developments in a cautious and trustworthy way, and make contributions to the peace, stability and sustainable development of the Arctic.