采煤塌陷区不同地貌类型植物群落多样性变化及其与土壤理化性质的关系

Variation of Vegetation Diversity and Its Soil Relationship with Soil Physical and Chemical Property in Lands of Different Geomorphic Types in Coal Mining Subsidence Area

通过对神府-东胜矿区2种不同地貌类型下沉陷样地及对照样地地表植被进行调查,研究不同地貌类型、不同沉陷位置的群落多样性变化及其与土壤理化性质的关系。研究结果表明:(1)哈拉沟矿区(黄土丘陵地貌)植物种类较丰富,大柳塔矿区(风沙地貌)植被种类较单一;达乌里胡枝子作为风沙地貌沉陷区指示物种,其演替机制符合忍耐作用理论,紫翅猪毛菜作为黄土丘陵沟壑地貌沉陷区指示物种,其演替机制是促进理论和竞争共同作用的结果。(2)沉陷干扰12a后,2个研究区Shannon-Wiener指数分别增加了54.60%,73.85%,风沙地貌研究区土壤含水量和脲酶活性分别增加了8.64%和57.14%,黄土丘陵沟壑地貌研究区土壤有机质增加了47.73%。(3)采煤塌陷后,风沙地貌矿区坡中位置过氧化氢酶活性下降63.50%,土壤体积含水量降低58.70%,植物群落多样性显著降低;坡底位置土壤含水量、土壤养分、植物群落多样性均显著提高,土壤理化性质和植物群落多样性变化协同一致。(4)风沙地貌区植物群落多样性与土壤含水量存在显著正相关关系,黄土丘陵沟壑地貌区植物群落多样性与土壤有机质含量存在显著负相关关系。

This research focused on the investigation of the vegetations in the coal mine subsided areas of Shenfu-Dongsheng coal mine region with different landforms.Based on the data obtained from the field survey,we measured the correlations between species diversity and soil properties in different geomorphic types and slopes.The findings showed that：（1）The plant species in Halagou mine（hilly-gully region）were richer than those in Dalita mine（windy desert area）.Lespedeza davurica could be indicator plant in windy desert area,which succession mechanism conformed to the tolerance theory.Salsola affinis could be indicator plant in hilly-gully region,which succession mechanism conformed to the Promotion theory and competition.（2）After 12 asubsiding disturbance,Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index increased by54.60%and 73.85%in two areas,respectively.The soil water content and soil urease activity increased by8.64%and 57.14%in windy desert area,and soil organic matter increased by 47.73%in hilly-gully region.（3）After coal mining subsidence,soil catalase activity and volumetric water content decreased by63.50%and 58.70%,the species diversity reduced significantly in the middle of slope in sandstorm area（P〈0.05）.Soil water content,soil nutrient and the species diversity increased in the bottom of slope in windy desert area（P〈0.05）.The vegetation diversity and soil physical and chemical properties changed together.（4）Significant positive correlation was observed of species diversity with soil water content in windy desert area.The species diversity was negatively correlated with soil organic matter content in hilly-gully region.