细胞间黏附分子-1与牙周炎的关系

Correlation between ICAM-1 and periodontitis

细胞间黏附分子(Intercellular adhesion molecule,ICAM)是一类具有介导细胞与细胞、细胞与细胞外基质间黏附作用的生物大分子,多分布于细胞表面或细胞外基质。其在胚胎的发育分化、正常组织结构的维持、炎症与免疫应答、以及肿瘤的进展和转移等多种生理病理过程中均具有重要作用。近年来,ICAM-1(Intercellular adhesion molecule-1)作为免疫球蛋白超家族中的一员在牙周炎中的作用逐渐得到关注。在牙周致病菌的刺激下,ICAM-1可表达于牙周上皮细胞、成纤维细胞以及内皮细胞,并参与白细胞的趋化、黏附、迁移及增殖,从而使白细胞聚集于炎症部位,释放出大量炎性介质,最终导致对牙周组织的破坏。本文从ICAM-1在牙周组织中的表达分布、表达途径及其调节等方面对ICAM-1与牙周炎的关系作一综述。

Intercellular adhesion molecule （ICAM） is a class of biological macromolecules on cell surface or in extracellular matrix, which mediate adhesion of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix. ICAMs play a very important role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as the embryonic development and cell differentiation, the maintenance of normal tissue structure, inflammation and immune response, tumor progression and so on. Recently, as a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, infercellular adhesion molecule-1 （ICAM-1） in periodontitis gradually catches attention. The expression ICAM-1 on periodontal epithelial cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells might be upregulated in response to the stimulation of periodontal pathogens in periodontal tissues, which contributes to chemotaxis, adhesion, migration and proliferation of leukocytes, resulting in leukocyte aggregation and subsequent inflammatory cytokine release. This article summarizes the role of ICAM-1 in periodontitis.