利尿药茯苓、茯苓皮、猪苓和泽泻的化学成分及其利尿作用机制研究进展

Progress on chemical components and diuretic mechanisms of traditional Chinese diuretic medicines Poria cocos,Cortex Poriae,Polyporus umbellatus and Alisma orientalis

茯苓、茯苓皮、猪苓和泽泻为常见的中药利尿药。茯苓中主要含茯苓三萜和茯苓多糖等成分,猪苓主要含甾体类成分,泽泻主要含四环三萜类成分。这些利尿药大多含有四环三萜或甾体类成分,它们的母核结构与醛固酮母核结构相似,其利尿作用机制可能是通过竞争醛固酮受体来抑制肾小管不同部位的重吸收,从而增加排尿量。本文对茯苓、茯苓皮、猪苓和泽泻的化学成分进行综述,并分析讨论其活性成分及利尿作用机制。

Poria cocos, Cortex Poriae, Polyporus umbellatus and Alisma orientalis are common traditional Chinese diuretic medicines. According to reported literature, P.cocos triterpenes and polysaccha- rides, steroids and tetracyclic triterpenes are the main chemical components of P.cocos, its epidermis, Pol.umbellatus and A.orientalis, respectively. Most of these diuretic drugs contain tetracyclic triterpenes and steroids, which have a similar structure to aldosterone nucleus structure. Therefore, this characteristic may reveal their diuretic mechanisms. The tetracyclic triterpenes and steroids may exert diuretic effect through competitive inhibition of aldosterone receptors in different parts of tubular reabsorption to increase urine output. The present article reviewed the chemical components of these diuretic Chinese medicines. Furthermore, their bioactive components and action mechanisms were also analyzed and discussed.