高速铁路对长三角地区城市经济联系格局的影响

The Influence of High-speed Railways on Urban Economical Relation in the Yangtze River Delta

针对目前关于高铁对不同城市影响差异的研究较为缺乏的状况,以长三角通高铁城市为研究对象,采用引力模型,比较2005年和2011年有无高铁两种情形下,城市经济联系度的变化格局。研究结果显示:通高铁后,所有城市的经济联系度均有明显提升,轴线联系更加明显,城市间联系网络化趋势增强,但区域经济联系格局差异加大,传统中心城市的极化作用更强。从集聚与扩散的角度来看,大城市的集聚能力更强,上海、南京、杭州和宁波成为区域经济联系度核心城市;同等级城市之间集聚和扩散更加平衡;在经济发展较好的大城市周边的小城市受到大城市扩散效应的影响而加快发展,但在经济相对落后的地区,高铁反而加速小城市发展要素的流出而进一步被"边缘化"。

Since some limitations existed in the current research of the Influence of High-speed Railways on different cities, Gravity Model was adopted to analyze the differences between urban economical relations with and without high-speed railways in 2011 and 2005. The results indicated that high-speed railways would enhance the economical relation, showing a trend of the axis and the network. However, the differences of urban economical relation was increased and the polarization of traditional central city became stronger. From the perspective of agglomeration and diffusion, the capability of urban economic agglomeration of Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Ningbo is the strongest. The agglomeration and diffusion become more balanced among the same level of cities. Some small cities around economically developed cities could speed up development owing to the diffusion effect, while in the economic backward areas; the improved external accessibility may also lead to backwash effects.