基于模糊数学的广东大宝山矿横石河下游土壤重金属元素污染评价

The evaluation of heavy metals pollution in soils of the lower reaches of the Hengshi River within the Dabaoshan mining area based on fuzzy mathematics

对广东大宝山矿横石河下游地势平坦的农耕区上坝村表层土壤中6种重金属元素进行测试分析,并构建模糊数学污染评价模型对重金属的污染程度进行评价。结果显示,研究区土壤受到重金属Cd、Cu、As的复合污染,显示为重度污染,Cd污染最为严重,Cu、As为轻度污染,传统的综合污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数评价显示为轻度和重度污染。模糊数学污染评价法有多个影响因子引入,更加符合矿区及周围地区重金属污染的现状,因而能够在矿区及周边地区土壤重金属的污染评价中得到应用,该方法基于传统的污染评价法进行优化和改良,因此具备良好的可操作性和广泛的适用性。

Heavy metals combined pollution of soils is inevitable during the mining activity, and the contamination is complex, var-ied and ambiguous, conforming to the principle of fuzzy mathematics analysis. In this paper, six heavy metals of surface soils from Shangba Village in the lower reaches of the Hengshi River within the Dabaoshan mine were analyzed through construction of fuzzy mathematics pollution evaluation model in comparison with the traditional single factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index evaluation method. The results show that the soils have been subjected to severe combined pollution from multiple heavy met-als comprising Cd, Cu and As. The Cd pollution is most heavy, whereas the pollution of Cu and As is less. The traditional integrated pollution index and Nemerow pollution index show light and heavy pollution respectively. Therefore, the fuzzy mathematics pollu-tion evaluation model can be used in the evaluation of heavy metals pollution of soils around the mining area by introducing appropri- ate impact factor, which is optimized and reformed based on the traditional pollution evaluation and can have good operability and broad applicability.