先秦至东汉“对_V”的多元语法化与“对_P”的衍生

The Polygrammaticalization of Verb Dui(对_v) from Pre-Qin Period to Eastern Han Dynasty and the Evolvement of Preposition Dui(对_p)

本文考察了先秦至东汉"对"的用法,认为介词"对"形成于公元一世纪后期的东汉。东汉时期,介词"对"主要表示4种语法意义:行为对象、言说对象、情感对象和处所。"对"的虚化呈现双重路径:一条来源于回答义动词"对";一条来源于朝着义动词"对"。动词"对"在虚化为介词的同时,也在向词内成分发展,呈现多元语法化现象。本文的考察还表明:动词及物功能的发展是其虚化为介词的前提,同时动词虚化为介词与其词内成分化密切相关。

This article investigates the usage of dui(对) from the Pre-Qin period to the Eastern Han dynasty and holds that the preposition dui( 对) took shape in the 1st century during the early Eastern Han dynasty. At that time, the preposition carried four grammatical functions: to signify the object of action, the object of utterance, the place, or the object of emotion. dui( 对) was grammaticalized along two paths: deriving from the verb dui( 对) for a reply, and descending from the verb dui( 对)for introduction of a direction. While grammaticalizing into a preposition, verb dui( 对) also evolved toward the intro-word-component and assumed a polygrammaticalization feature. The investigation also indicates that the evolvement of transitivity of the verb is the premise for its grammaticalization toward a preposition, and that the grammaticalization of a verb is closely related to its intro-word-component.