拇指掌侧动脉的解剖分型及其临床意义

The Anatomic Grouping and Clinical Significance of Palmar Arteries of Thumb

目的:观察拇指掌侧动脉起源、走行及其共干情况,探讨其分型特征。方法:72例手部血管标本,其中实体标本46例(左27例,右19例),铸型标本26例(左12例,右14例),观察拇指掌侧动脉即拇指桡掌侧固有动脉和拇指尺掌侧固有动脉的起源,走行及其共干情况并统计分析。结果:根据拇指掌侧动脉即拇指桡掌侧固有动脉与拇指尺掌侧固有动脉共干情况,将其分为2型,分别是Ⅰ共干型(32例,44.44%),Ⅱ不共干型(40例,55.56%)。根据拇指掌侧动脉的血供来源,Ⅰ共干型又分为3个亚型,分别为:a.共干-掌浅弓型(3例,4.17%),b.共干-掌深弓型(26例,36.11%),c.共干-桡动脉掌浅支型(3例,4.17%);Ⅱ不共干型又分为2个亚型,分别为:a不共干-掌浅弓、掌深弓型(27例,37.50%),b不共干-第一掌背动脉、掌浅弓型(13例,18.06%)。结论:根据拇指掌侧动脉即拇指桡掌侧固有动脉与拇指尺掌侧固有动脉共干情况及其动脉来源将其分为2型5个亚型。对拇指掌侧动脉进行分型可以充分了解拇指掌侧动脉的起源及走行变异,丰富解剖学资料,为临床拇指再植再造术提供解剖学基础。

Objective： To observe the origin, running and distribution of palmar arteries of thumb and to explore its types. Methods： 72 specimens of blood vessels of hands （the entity specimens 46 cases, 27 left, 19right; the cast of arteries of hand26：12 left, 14 right） were dissected, then we observed and analyzed the origin and distribution of palmar arteries of thumb. Results： According to whether the radial palmar collateral artery of the thumb and the ulnar palmar collateral artery of the thumb come from the same trunk, the palmar arteries of thumb can be classified into 2 types： I the same trunk type （32 cases, accounting for 44.44%）, II the different trunks type （40 cases, 55.56%）. According to their blood supply, I the same trunk type can be classified into 3 subtypes： a. the same trunk-superficial palmar arch type;（3 cases, 4.17%）. b. the same trunk - deep palmar arch type;（26 cases, 36.11%）. c. the same trun-superficial palmar branch type （3 cases, 4.17% ）. II the different trunks type can be classified 2-subtypes： a. the different trunks-superficial palmar arch and deep palmar arch type （27 cases, 37.50%） b. the different trunks- the first dorsal metacarpal artery and superficial palmar arch type （13 cases, 18.06）. Conclusion： According to whether the proper palmar radial artery of thumb and the proper palmar ulnar artery of thumb come from the same trunk, we divided plalmar arteries of thumb into two main types, which can be separated into five subtypes in detail. On one hand, our study can enrich anatomy data, on the other hand, it can provide anatomic basis for reconstruction and replantation of thumb.